Stage 2 · Expansion

Stage 2 — Expansion

Vocabulary that grows the Stage 1 patterns. Learn the opposition pairs and the seed nouns; the rest is reference.

How to use this page

Learn the opposition pairs (hot/cold, near/far, left/right) — they halve the cognitive load. The SEED words plug straight into your Stage 1 patterns, so drill those. Everything LOOKUP is here to be found on demand. This is a reference page, not a memorization target — the seed nouns table at the bottom is the real “learn these” list.

1. Spatial (opposition pairs)

EnglishVietnameseSaysTag
neargầnganSEED
farxasahSEED
lefttráitraySEED
rightphảiphaySEED
ahead / straightthẳngthahngSEED
behindsausawLOOKUP
hereở đâyoh daySEED
thereở kiaoh kyaSEED
uplênlenLOOKUP
downxuốngswongLOOKUP
insidebên trongben troongLOOKUP
outsidebên ngoàiben ngwyeLOOKUP
next tocạnhcanhLOOKUP
across fromđối diệndwoy dyenLOOKUP
betweengiữazwayLOOKUP

2. Sensory

EnglishVietnameseSaysTag
hot (temperature)nóngnongSEED
cold (temperature)lạnhlanhSEED
warmấmamLOOKUP
loudồnonLOOKUP
quietyên tĩnhyen teenLOOKUP
cleansạchsahchLOOKUP
dirtybẩnbanLOOKUP
freshtươitwuyLOOKUP
stalecũkooLOOKUP
openmởmohSEED
closedđóngdohnSEED
drykhôkhowLOOKUP
wetướtoatLOOKUP

3. Evaluative

EnglishVietnameseSaysTag
goodtốttontSEED
badxấusowLOOKUP
niceđẹpdepLOOKUP
beautifulđẹp / xinhdep / seenSEED
expensiveđắtdatSEED
cheaprẻraySEED
easydễdayLOOKUP
difficultkhókhowLOOKUP
biglớnlownSEED
smallnhỏnohSEED
fullđầydayLOOKUP
emptytrốngtrongLOOKUP
newmớimwySEED
oldcũkooLOOKUP
fastnhanhnahnLOOKUP
slowchậmchamLOOKUP
busy / crowdedđôngdohnLOOKUP
safean toànan toanLOOKUP
availablecó sẵnkoh sanLOOKUP
brokenhỏnghongLOOKUP

4. Food & drink adjectives

The big one for you: cay (spicy). Hanoi food runs hot — “less spicy, please” = ít cay hơn is on the Dining page.

EnglishVietnameseSaysTag
deliciousngonngonSEED
saltymặnmanSEED
sweetngọtngotSEED
sourchuachwayLOOKUP
bitterđắngdanLOOKUP
spicycaykaySEED
rawtươi sốngtwuy swongLOOKUP
cookednấu chínnaw cheenLOOKUP

5. Human state

EnglishVietnameseSaysTag
hungryđóidoySEED
thirstykhátkhatSEED
tiredmệtmetSEED
energeticsảng khoáisang kwayLOOKUP
happyvuivuySEED
sadbuồnboonLOOKUP
madgiậnzhenLOOKUP
calmyênyenLOOKUP
sickốmomSEED
wellkhỏekhowaiSEED
in painđaudowSEED
lostmất phương hướngmat phoong hwoongLOOKUP
confusedbối rốiboi roayLOOKUP
readysẵn sàngsan sanLOOKUP
latemuộnmwenLOOKUP
earlysớmsohmLOOKUP

6. Time expansion

EnglishVietnameseSaysTag
dayngàynayngSEED
nightđêmdemLOOKUP
weektuầntoonLOOKUP
monththángthahngLOOKUP
yearnămnawmLOOKUP
alreadyrồiroaySEED
stillvẫnvanLOOKUP
yetchưachwayLOOKUP
nowbây giờbay gohSEED
thenrồi / sau đóroay / saw dohLOOKUP
everymỗimwuyLOOKUP

7. People

For your family: hai người lớn (two adults), hai trẻ em (two children). “My son / daughter” = con trai / con gái của tôi.

EnglishVietnameseSaysTag
mannamnamLOOKUP
womannữnweLOOKUP
boycậu békaw benLOOKUP
girlcô békoh benLOOKUP
childtrẻ emtrai emSEED
babyem béem benLOOKUP
friendbạnbanSEED
strangerngười lạngoway lahLOOKUP
touristdu kháchdoo khatLOOKUP
localngười địa phươngngoway dyah phoongLOOKUP
doctorbác sĩbak seeSEED
nursey táy taLOOKUP
police officercảnh sátcanh satSEED
waiterphục vụphooc vwaySEED
drivertài xếtay seeSEED
guidehướng dẫnhoong danLOOKUP
managerquản lýkwan leeLOOKUP
receptionistlễ tânlay tanLOOKUP
mothermẹmaySEED
fatherbố / chaboh / cahSEED
soncon traikon trayLOOKUP
daughtercon gáikon gayLOOKUP
brotheranh / em traian / em trayLOOKUP
sisterchị / em gáichee / em gayLOOKUP

8. Prepositions (mapping table)

The highest-divergence area. Key insight: ở does the work of “in / at / on” for location, and đến does “to.” That collapses three English prepositions into two Vietnamese words.

EnglishVietnameseSaysNote
in / at (location)ởohone word does “in/at/on” for location: ở nhà = at home
on (surface)trêntrentrên bàn = on the table
to (direction)đếndenđến Hà Nội = to Hanoi
fromtừtewtừ Canada = from Canada
withvớivwyvới gia đình = with the family
withoutkhông cókong koh
forchokohcho tôi = for me
by (means)bằngbangbằng taxi = by taxi
aboutvềvewvề Hà Nội = about Hanoi
underdướidwaydưới đất = under the ground
over / abovetrêntren
throughxuyên quaswen kwa
aroundquanhkwan
betweengiữazwaygiữa hai tòa nhà = between two buildings
near / next togần / cạnhgan / canh
behindsausaw
in front oftrướctrooc
across fromđối diệndwoy dyen
inside / outsidebên trong / bên ngoàiben troong / ben ngwye

9. Seed nouns (the real memorization list)

~30 nouns chosen by one rule: which nouns let you form the most sentences with the patterns you already know? These are your day-one vocabulary. The country-specific ones (phở, bánh mì) are tagged LOOKUP because they live in one context — but they’re on this list because you’ll say them a lot.

Seed nounVietnameseSaysExample (pattern + fill)
waternướcnuocCho tôi một chai nước. — I’d like a bottle of water.
bathroomnhà vệ sinhnah-vay-sinhNhà vệ sinh ở đâu? — Where’s the bathroom?
menumenumee-nuBạn có menu không? — Do you have a menu?
bill / checkhóa đơnhway donCho tôi hóa đơn, xin ạ. — The bill, please.
cardthẻthehTôi trả bằng thẻ được không? — Can I pay by card?
cashtiền mặttyen matTôi trả bằng tiền mặt. — I’ll pay cash.
coffeecà phêkah-payCho tôi một ly cà phê. — I’d like a coffee.
ricecơmkhomCho tôi một bát cơm. — I’d like a bowl of rice.
breadbánh mìbanh-meeCho tôi một chiếc bánh mì. — I’d like a bánh mì.
phởphởphohCho tôi một bát phở. — I’d like a bowl of phở.
taxitaxitaxiGọi taxi cho tôi, xin ạ. — Call a taxi for me.
busxe buýtseh booyĐiểm xe buýt ở đâu? — Where’s the bus stop?
train / stationtàu / gatow / gaGa ở đâu? — Where’s the station?
hotelkhách sạnkhat sanKhách sạn ở đâu? — Where’s the hotel?
mapbản đồban-dohBạn có bản đồ không? — Do you have a map?
Englishtiếng Anhtyeng angBạn có nói tiếng Anh không? — Do you speak English?
pricegiázayGiá bao nhiêu? — How much is it?
tablebànbanCho tôi một bàn, xin ạ. — A table, please.
foodđồ ăndoh anCho tôi đồ ăn. — I’d like food.
here / thereở đây / ở kiaoh day / oh kyaỞ đây. — Here.
now / todaybây giờ / hôm naybay goh / hom nayBây giờ. — Now.
left / righttrái / phảitray / phayQuay trái. — Turn left.
one / two / threemột / hai / bamot / hoy / bahMột, hai, ba. — One, two, three.
dayngàynayngTôi ở đây mười ngày. — I’m here ten days.
nametêntenTên tôi là… — My name is…
phoneđiện thoạidyien thoayTôi mất điện thoại. — I lost my phone.
keychìa khóachee-kwahCho tôi chìa khóa, xin ạ. — A key, please.
roomphòngphongCho tôi một phòng. — I’d like a room.