Stage 1 · Reference

Stage 1 — Reference Tables

Numbers, pronouns, time words, and the full verb list. Reference material — drill the main Stage 1 page first, then use this to look up the fill.

How to read the “Says” column

These are rough English-sound approximations — a memory aid, not a pronunciation rulebook. The real pronunciation lives in the tone marks and in the 🔊 audio. Treat “Says” as a springboard to get your mouth moving, then let the audio and your own out-loud reading correct it.

1. Numbers 1–20 (essential)

Counting, ordering, ages. Note the rhythm: 1–9 are single words; 10 is mười and 11–19 are mười + 1–9. Your family: “two adults, two children” = hai người lớn, hai trẻ em.

#VietnameseSaysEnglish
1mộtmotone
2haihoytwo
3babahthree
4bốnbownfour
5nămnawmfive
6sáusowsix
7bảybayseven
8támtameight
9chíncheennine
10mườimwuyten
11mười mộtmwuy moteleven
12mười haimwuy hoytwelve
13mười bamwuy bahthirteen
14mười bốnmwuy bownfourteen
15mười lămmwuy lamfifteen
16mười sáumwuy sowsixteen
17mười bảymwuy bayseventeen
18mười támmwuy tameighteen
19mười chínmwuy cheennineteen
20hai mươihoy mwuytwenty

2. Tens and big numbers (prices)

X + mươi = the tens. Prices in Hanoi run in thousands of đồng — a bowl of phở is ~40,000–60,000 (bốn mươi nghìn).

#VietnameseSaysEnglish
30ba mươibah mwuythirty
40bốn mươibown mwuyforty
50năm mươinawm mwuyfifty
60sáu mươisow mwuysixty
70bảy mươibay mwuyseventy
80tám mươitam mwuyeighty
90chín mươicheen mwuyninety
100một trămmot chamone hundred
200hai trămhoy chamtwo hundred
300ba trămbah chamthree hundred
500năm trămnawm chamfive hundred
1,000một nghìnmot neengone thousand
10,000mười nghìnmwuy neengten thousand (10,000 VND ≈ a coffee)

3. Ordinals (floors, “the second…”)

OrdinalVietnameseSaysUse
firstthứ nhấtthoo nayt“the first floor” = tầng thứ nhất
secondthứ haithoo hoy“the second floor” = tầng thứ hai
thirdthứ bathoo bah
fourththứ tưthoo too
fifththứ nămthoo nawm

4. Pronouns

Vietnamese pronouns are relationship-based, not gender-based. As a tourist, tôi (I) and bạn (you) are your safe defaults everywhere. If you want to be warmer, address an older man as anh, an older woman as chị — it’s a small sign of respect that lands well.

EnglishVietnameseSaysNote
Itôitoydefault for a tourist
you (polite)bạnbandefault for a tourist — safe with everyone
you (formal/older)anh (older man) · chị (older woman)an · cheeuse when you know who you’re addressing
he / sheanh ấy · chị ấyan ay · chee ay
wechúng tôichoong toy
theyhọhoh
me (object)tôitoysame word
someoneai đóay doh
everyonemọi ngườimwuy ngoway
nobodykhông aikong ay

5. Possessives

EnglishVietnameseSaysExample
mycủa tôikwa toycái ví của tôi = my wallet
yourcủa bạnkwa bancái điện thoại của bạn = your phone
his / hercủa anh ấy / chị ấykwa an ay / chee ay
ourcủa chúng tôikwa choong toy
theircủa họkwa hoh

Vietnamese puts the possessive after the noun with của — “wallet of me,” not “my wallet.” In casual speech the của is often dropped: ví tôi = my wallet.

6. Basic time

EnglishVietnameseSaysNote
nowbây giờbay goh
todayhôm nayhom nay
tomorrowngày mainayng may
yesterdayhôm quahom kway
morningbuổi sángbuwye sahnng
afternoonbuổi chiềubuwye cheew
eveningbuổi tốibuwye toy
nightban đêmban dem
hourgiờgoh
minutephútphut
dayngàynayng
weektuầntoon
monththángthahng
yearnămnawm
first / second / lastđầu / thứ hai / cuốidow / thoo hoy / kwuy

7. Global verbs — waves 2 & 3 (lookup, not memorize)

These complete the ~40-verb list. You don’t drill them — they’re here so that when a situation calls for “to pay” or “to recommend,” the word is one tap away. The ten verbs on the main Stage 1 page are the ones to actually internalize.

VerbVietnameseSays“I” frameTravel function
to knowbiếtbyetBạn biết… (you know)“Do you know where…?”
to costgiá bao nhiêuzay baw nyew… giá bao nhiêu?“How much does it cost?”
to paytrảtrahTôi trả… (I pay)“I’d like to pay”
to helpgiúpzhyepBạn giúp tôi (you help me)“Can you help me?”
to showcho … xemkoh … xemCho tôi xem (let me see)“Can you show me?”
to findtìmtimTôi tìm… (I look for)“I can’t find…”
to waitchờchohTôi chờ… (I wait)“How long do I wait?”
to comeđếndenTôi đến… (I come/arrive)counterpart of “go”
to buymuamwayTôi mua… (I buy)“I’d like to buy…”
to takelấylayTôi lấy… (I take)“Take the left turn”
to stayởohTôi ở… (I stay/am at)“I’m staying at…”
to arriveđếnden… đến (arrives)“When does it arrive?”
to leaveđidee… đi (leaves/goes)“When do I leave?”
to openmởmohCó mở (is it open)“Is it open?”
to closeđóngdohn… đóng (closed)“What time does it close?”
to give / bringmangmangBạn mang… (you bring)“Can you bring the menu?”
to callgọigoaygọi taxi (call a taxi)“Can I call a taxi?”
to usedùngdoongTôi dùng… (I use)“Can I use the restroom?”
to turnquaykwaiquay trái (turn left)“Turn left”
to trythửthooTôi thử… (I try)“Can I try it?”
to see / look atxemxemTôi xem… (I look at)“I’d like to see the menu”
to say / tellnóinoy… nói (says)“What does this say?”
to orderđặtdatTôi đặt… (I order)“I’d like to order”
to recommendkhuyến nghịkhwyen nyee… khuyến nghị“What do you recommend?” (formal)
to repeatnói lạinoy laynói lại (say again)“Can you repeat that?”
to look fortìmtimtìm nhà vệ sinh“I’m looking for the bathroom”
to sit / standngồi / đứngngoy / downgngồi = sit“Can I sit here?”
to sleepngủngooTôi ngủ… (I sleep)“I need to sleep”
to washrửaroahrửa tay (wash hands)“I need to wash my hands”
to choose / pickchọnchonTôi chọn… (I choose)“I’ll take this one”
to explaingiải thíchzay thychgiải thích (explain)“Can you explain?”
to pointchỉcheechỉ cho tôi (point to me)“Can you point me the way?”
to remember / forgetnhớ / quênnhoh / kwenquên ví (forgot wallet)“I forgot my wallet”